Switch

Use el módulo Switch (no es necesario en las versiones posteriores a la 5.10):

lhp@europa:~/projects/perl/src/perltesting$ cat switch.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use Perl6::Say;
use Switch;

my $val = <>;
chomp($val);

switch ($val) {
  case 1          { say "number 1" }
  case "a"        { say "string a" }
  case [1..10,42] { say "number in list" }
  case /^\w+$/    { say "pattern" }
  else            { say "previous case not true" }
}

Veamos algunas ejecuciones:

lhp@europa:~/projects/perl/src/perltesting$ ./switch.pl
5
number in list
lhp@europa:~/projects/perl/src/perltesting$ ./switch.pl
12bc
pattern
lhp@europa:~/projects/perl/src/perltesting$ ./switch.pl
.2.
previous case not true